Chapter 49: Love to All

The wise man has no fixed heart; in the hearts of the people he finds his own.

The good he treats with goodness; the not-good he also treats with goodness, for de [teh] is goodness. The faithful ones he treats with good faith; the unfaithful he also treats with good faith, for de [teh] is good faith.

The wise man lives in the world but he lives cautiously, dealing with the world cautiously. He universalizes his heart; the people give him their eyes and ears, but he treats them as his children.

Interpretation:

This chapter repeats the earlier message about listening.  Now it observes that listening to the hearts and desires of others is a useful guide for choosing our own feelings.

It also shares a message from Buddhism.  The Buddha observed that being angry with someone is like holding a coal that you mean to throw at another person.  Whatever happens to the other person, we can be sure your hand will get burned.  This same sentiment is reflected here where the author suggests the wise person treats all people with good heart whether they are bad or good themselves.

The first stanza reminds up to be flexible in our feelings.  To understand the people around us and let them move our hearts.

The seconds stanza can be seen to say that compassion is universal.  Who needs compassion more than those whose hearts are so sick that they hate and treat us unfairly?

The third stanza repeats a frequent message from the Dao de Ching, careful action is the road to good life.  it also reminds us to care for all people as if they were our children.  This is in agreement with the teachings of the Christian Bible which tells us to "love our neighbors as ourselves."

Chapter 47: Seeing Within

For this chapter we will use Susuki's translation:

"Without passing out of the gate The world's course I prognosticate. Without peeping through the window
The heavenly Reason I contemplate. The further one goes, The less one knows."

Therefore the holy man does not travel, and yet he has knowledge. He does not see things, and yet he defines them. He does not labor, and yet he completes.

Interpretation:

Since the Daoist seeks to understand the world and life from the place before form, they need not trave to seek knowledge, by looking within, he can seek the structures and forms that lie beneath for.  If you look to the place before yen and yan, before light and dark, you look also to the place before here and there.  From this place before, all forms that rise from the Tao seem natural and understandable without study or intellectual understanding.

Stanza one observes that the knowledge of the dao comes from still contemplation not movement.  The last stanza, "the further one goes, the less one knows."  Can be interpreted to mean any movement, study, thought, away from still contemplation.

The second stanza tells us the benefits of seeking this stillness.  Internal knowledge, understanding, and wu wei, completion through non-action.  

The Tao te Ching Chapter 40: Being at Rest

Text:

Retirement is characteristic of Dao just as weakness appears to be a characteristic of its activity.

Heaven and earth and everything are produced from existence, but existence comes from nonexistence.

Interpretation:

It is often difficult for people to understand that the Tao te Ching clearly recommends doing nothing as a useful activity.  We do hold the clue to this in our society however.  Many of us wait anxiously for the weekend or lunch break or any time that we can "zone out" for a while.  These moments of peaceful inactivity are as essential to our ability to live effectively as our moments of activity.  The Tao te Ching may be said to embrace this notion.  This chapter may be interpreted to say, Relaxing is very healthy.

The first stanza observes that the Tao lies at rest and reiterates the earlier theme that the Tao appears weak.

The second stanza observes that everything thing that is (and is active) came from the formlessness of the Dao (and was inactive.)  Perhaps this can be interpreted to mean that the state of rest is the true form of the universe at its core.

The Tao Te Ching Chapter 38: Being Genuine

For this Chapter we will use Legge's translation:

(Those who) possessed in highest degree the attributes (of the Dao) did not (seek) to show them, and therefore they possessed them (in fullest measure). (Those who) possessed in a lower degree those attributes (sought how) not to lose them, and therefore they did not possess them (in fullest measure)

(Those who) possessed in the highest degree those attributes did nothing (with a purpose), and had no need to do anything. (Those who) possessed them in a lower degree were (always) doing, and had need to be so doing.

(Those who) possessed the highest benevolence were (always seeking) to carry it out, and had no need to be doing so. (Those who) possessed the highest righteousness were (always seeking) to carry it out, and had need to be so doing.

(Those who) possessed the highest (sense of) propriety were (always seeking) to show it, and when men did not respond to it, they bared the arm and marched up to them.

Thus it was that when the Dao was lost, its attributes appeared; when its attributes were lost, benevolence appeared; when benevolence was lost, righteousness appeared; and when righteousness was lost, the proprieties appeared.

Now propriety is the attenuated form of leal-heartedness and good faith, and is also the commencement of disorder; swift apprehension is (only) a flower of the Dao, and is the beginning of stupidity.

Thus it is that the Great man abides by what is solid, and eschews what is flimsy; dwells with the fruit and not with the flower. It is thus that he puts away the one and makes choice of the other.

Interpretation:

One of the longest chapters in the Tao te Ching, Chapter 38 is also one of the easiest to interpret.  

Here the author makes the observation that those who understand the Dao often do not show it and, conversely, those who seek to demonstrate their daoism, (or any other virtue) do not fully understand the way. The first stanza states exactly that.

The second stanza can be described as wu wei.  Those who are masters at the dao do not need to act in order to be so.  It is simply their nature to be acting in accordance with the way.  

The third stanza can be seen at a statement on the true nature of caring.  Consider the person who helps another person but the person receiving the help does not respond with praise for the helper.  If the helper is solely motivated by the urge to help another person, they do not need praise.  If they seek glorification for their good deed, they are at least partly motivated by ego and self seeking.  

The master taoist is the same.  he or she never seeks praise for being a master taoist.  It is simply who they are.

The fourth stanza contrasts the previous two stanza with person who is self serving.  If they do not receive the praise they believe they deserve, they will become angry.

The fifth stanza refers to a time when the Tao simply was.  In this time there would have been no conditions or states described as the Tao.  The Tao simply was.  The following is a progression that can be seen as a very human descent from a state of grace, to one of rules, to one of meaningless ritual.

The fifth stanza states bluntly that moving away from natural alignment with the Dao is not wise.

Finally, the author reminds us that the Taoist sticks to what is real and practical and stays away from needless flash and showiness.

The Tao te Ching Chapter 35: The Quiet Master

For this chapter we will use Legge's translation

To him who holds in his hands the Great Image (of the invisible Dao), the whole world repairs. Men resort to him, and receive no hurt, but (find) rest, peace, and the feeling of ease.

Music and dainties will make the passing guest stop (for a time). But though the Dao as it comes from the mouth, seems insipid and has no flavour, though it seems not worth being looked at or listened to, the use of it is inexhaustible.

Interpretation

This small and straight forward chapter holds many clues about how to be and recognize a great person.  

The first stanza makes the observation that those who understand the Tao are safe, good friends who will bring comfort to those around them.

The second stanza can be seen to be making a more subtle point.  It says that while "music and dainties"  can attract a person for a short time, the seemingly insignificant Dao has unlimited uses.  

It seems strange in a society dedicated to always having more to consider the value of nothing.  There are some clues to this in western culture.  Consider "deep listening" the practice of sitting with those in crisis and listening to their story without directing or judging.  Consider the young child, who when they lose their temper, is allowed to sit in a quiet room rather than being punished.  Consider the value of a quiet walk in the park after a hectic days work. Truly nothing can be as valuable as something!

Perhaps the author means to suggest that you may know a great person, someone filled by the Tao by the fact that they do not require anything from you.  "Music and dainties" can be seen and any entertainment and distraction.  The phone call from the television company offering you another hundred channels is appealing but would you not rather have a call from a friend who can listen without complaint to your troubles?

Understanding the Tao te Ching Chapter 34: The Greatest is Smallest

For this chapter we will use Legge's translation:

All-pervading is the Great Dao! It may be found on the left hand and on the right.

All things depend on it for their production, which it gives to them, not one refusing obedience to it. When its work is accomplished, it does not claim the name of having done it. It clothes all things as with a garment, and makes no assumption of being their lord;--it may be named in the smallest things. All things return (to their root and disappear), and do not know that it is it which presides over their doing so;--it may be named in the greatest things.

Hence the sage is able (in the same way) to accomplish his great achievements. It is through his not making himself great that he can accomplish them.

Interpretation:

This chapter brings together and restates many of the earlier chapters.

In the first stanza the author makes what can be seen as an important comment on an earlier chapter.  Earlier, the author said that left (wisdom) is preferable to right (strength.)  This is however, only in the context of the conduct of people.  Now the author switches focus back to the Dao itself so they first say, (The Dao) "may be found on the left hand and on the right" or The Dao is found in all things.

In the second stanza, the author points out again that the Tao is the source of all things, clothes all things, gives all things shape.  But they also point out that the Tao desires no credit for this, no reward.  It never draws attention to itself.  In this way it is both greatest and least of all things.

The third stanza states plainly that the wise person acts the same way.  Though the can accomplish great things, he requests and requires no status or reward.  It is through remaining small, like the Dao, that he achieves greatness, also like the Tao.

There is a clear parallel between this stanza and a comment made several times in the Bible by Jesus.  For example Mark 9:35:  " "If anyone wants to be first, he must be the very last, and the servant of all."  Does this message appear in other great teachings?  Why do you think this parallel exists?

The Tao te Ching Chapter 32: The Nature of the Tao

Tao in its eternal aspect is unnamable.

Its simplicity appears insignificant, but the whole world cannot control it. If princes and kings employ it every one of themselves will pay willing homage. Heaven and Earth by it are harmoniously combined and drop sweet dew. People will have no need of rulers, because of themselves they will be righteous.

As soon as Dao expresses itself in orderly creation then it becomes comprehensible. When one recognizes the presence of Dao he understands where to stop. Knowing where to stop he is free from danger.

To illustrate the nature of Dao's place in the universe: Dao is like the brooks and streams in their relation to the great rivers and the ocean.

Interpretation:

It is sometimes difficult to explain to western thinkers that you are describing something that cannot be grasped by thought.  In chapter 1 of the Tao te Ching, the author tells us that the originating force of the universe has no name or face.  Perhaps it is easiest to think about it like this; The Tao is the experience of the universe happening, thoughts and words are a way of describing the universe happening.   Wanting now to talk directly about the Tao again, the author begins this chapter with a reminder that that which we are describing is the unnamed force behind all things.

The second stanza makes several statements.  I says that it is easy to overlook the power of the Tao but those who see its use willingly offer loyalty to it.  The third sentence can be taken to mean the "sweet" or perhaps "goodness" fall naturally from it.  The final sentence observes that those who follow Dao need no rulers since they themselves will be of good heart and honest nature.

The third stanza says that when the Dao begins to take form, it becomes understandable to the human mind.  Seeing the Dao behind all things gives one insight into when to stop acting, thus protecting them from danger.

The third stanza may seem to say that the Dao is like brooks and streams, smaller than rivers, but probably should be taken to mean, comes before.  If there were not brooks and streams, there would be no rivers and oceans.  Although we cannot see the stream when we look at the river, we know it must be there.

Understanding the Tao te Ching Chapter 29: Wu Wei

For this chapter we will use Susuki's translation:

When one desires to take in hand the empire and make it, I see him not succeed. The empire is a divine vessel which cannot be made. One who makes it, mars it. One who takes it, loses it. 

And it is said of beings:
" Some are obsequious, others move boldly, Some breathe warmly, others coldly, Some are strong and others weak, Some rise proudly, others sneak."

Therefore the holy man abandons excess, he abandons extravagance, he abandons indulgence.

Interpretation:

One of the key concepts of Taoism, Wu Wei, is explored in this chapter.  Wu Wei can be described as having the wisdom to know when to act.  It is summed up quite nicely in  Reinhold Niebuhr's  serenity prayer:  

"God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change; courage to change the things I can; and wisdom to know the difference."

Knowing that the author favors Wu Wei, this chapter can be interpreted to be a caution against over action.

Stanza one observes that control cannot really be taken.  By attempting to do so, we often destroy or change that which we wish to control.

The second stanza observes that humans nature is varied and different people approach issues differently.  

The third stanza can be seen as saying, "regardless of your nature, you are wise to limit your interference.  Practice Wu Wei.

Understanding the Tao te Ching Chapter 26: Remaining Calm

The heavy is the root of the light; the quiet is master of motion.

Therefore the wise man in all the experience of the day will not depart from dignity. Though he be surrounded with sights that are magnificent, he will remain calm and unconcerned.

How does it come to pass that the Emperor, master of ten thousand chariots, has lost the mastery of the Empire? Because being flippant himself, he has lost the respect of his subjects; being passionate himself, he has lost the control of the Empire.

Interpretation:

Here the author ties the issue of opposites to individual life.  We know from earlier chapters that light and dark make each other, and the neither good nor evil can exist without the other.  So if we wish to remain on the path, how do we react to the events around us?  Too much excitement and we lose control, too much control and we lose passion.  The author suggests to us that we do not overreact to any experience that we have.  When the author asks how the master of the chariots can lose mastery of the kingdom, we can read them to say, if we cannot master our own responses, we cannot control the world around us.



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Understanding the Tao te Ching Chapter 25: The Greatness of All Things

25.

There is Being that is all-inclusive and that existed before Heaven and Earth. Calm, indeed, and incorporeal! It is alone and changeless!

Everywhere it functions unhindered. It thereby becomes the world's mother. I do not know its nature; if I try to characterize it, I will call it Dao.

If forced to give it a name, I will call it the Great. The Great is evasive, the evasive is the distant, the distant is ever coming near.

Tao is Great. So is Heaven great, and so is Earth and so also is the representative of Heaven and Earth.

Man is derived from nature, nature is derived from Heaven, Heaven is derived from Dao. Dao is self-derived.

Interpretation:

What existed the moment before the big bang?  It did not know time, it did not know space or movement.  Does that mean there was nothing there?  The Christians call the force from the time before time God.  The first stanzas of the Bible are very similar to the the first stanza here.

"1 In the Beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep."

The second stanza asserts that the Tao, being unlimited acts without limitation and is the source of all things.

In the third stanza, the author makes a strange statement.  They say, "The Great (tao) is evasive and distant, the distant is ever coming near."  Why do you think the author would describe the Tao as "distant" and "ever coming near" when they in the same chapter make the observation that all things are part of the Tao?

The final two stanzas assert a message that at first seems to disagree with the earlier statements about the ego.    Here the author says that all things are great and possessed of greatness by their nature.  They are all of the Dao and the Dao is great, therefor all of us are great also.  

Knowing that the author believe that serving the ego (asserting greatness) is contrary to the way, how are we to take this new message of greatness?  Can we have greatness without ego?  What does this greatness mean is a world where all things are also suffused with this greatness?  Does this message parallel Jesus' sermon on the mount?  Does it differ? 

Understanding the Tao te Ching Chapter 22: Humility

For this chapter we will use Legge's translation

22.

The partial becomes complete; the crooked, straight; the empty, full; the worn out, new. He whose (desires) are few gets them; he whose (desires) are many goes astray.

Therefore the sage holds in his embrace the one thing (of humility), and manifests it to all the world. He is free from self- display, and therefore he shines; from self-assertion, and therefore he is distinguished; from self-boasting, and therefore his merit is acknowledged; from self-complacency, and therefore he acquires superiority. It is because he is thus free from striving that therefore no one in the world is able to strive with him.

That saying of the ancients that 'the partial becomes complete' was not vainly spoken:--all real completion is comprehended under it.

Interpretation:

By now the theme of desire and the dangers of desire are well established in the Tao te Ching and the first stanza here is no exception.  It is interesting to note that this chapter does not suggest that you should have no desires only "few."  Perhaps there is a clue to this meaning in the phrase "the partial becomes complete."  Some desires, such as for food, "complete" us.  Other's such as the desire for a 72" plasma screen tv, feed something besides our bodies.

The second stanza can be seen in this context as a message about what we don't need.  What does self-display feed?  What does "self-assertion" feed?

Then the third stanza can be seen as confirmation that the "real" needs can be met naturally within the flow of the Tao.

There are clear parallels in this chapter to both The Buddha's teaching on desirelessness and Jesus' sermon on the mount.  Why do you think so many of the great masters shared the same themes?

Understanding the Tao te Ching Chapter 21: Accepting the Unknowable

21.

All the innumerable forms of de [teh] correspond to the norm of Dao, but the nature of the Dao's activity is infinitely abstract and illusive. Illusive and obscure, indeed, but at its heart are forms and types. Vague and illusive, indeed, but at its heart is all being. Unfathomable and obscure, indeed, but at its heart is all spirit, and spirit is reality. At its heart is truth.

From of old its expression is unceasing, it has been present at all beginnings. How do I know that its nature is thus? By this same Dao.

Interpretation:

This chapter seems to make two statements.  One that the Tao can't be known and two that it is all present.

To understand these statements, perhaps it is useful to compare it to the Buddha's statement on interdependent origination.  The Buddha stated that no thing existed in and of itself.  You for example are composed of the food you eat, the water and thoughts that have been given to you by others.  Your physical form is chosen in part by the gravity of planet Earth.  You, says Buddha, are not so much a single thing as a junction point of an infinite number of other things.  When viewed this way, the origin of any object or person becomes impossible complex and confusing.  The sheer number of forces involved exceeds the human capacity for thought by a thousand fold.  And yet, these things, you and I, planets and stars do move in and out of existence in a endless cycles of boundless creativity.  What is this endless, seamless stream of existence called?  The author calls it Tao. 

Understanding the Tao te Ching Chapter 20: Accepting Life

We will use Legge's translation for this chapter:

20.

When we renounce learning we have no troubles. The (ready) 'yes,' and (flattering) 'yea;'-- Small is the difference they display.  But mark their issues, good and ill;  --What space the gulf between shall fill?

What all men fear is indeed to be feared; but how wide and without end is the range of questions (asking to be discussed)!

The multitude of men look satisfied and pleased; as if enjoying a full banquet, as if mounted on a tower in spring. I alone seem listless and still, my desires having as yet given no indication of their presence. I am like an infant which has not yet smiled. I look dejected and forlorn, as if I had no home to go to. The multitude of men all have enough and to spare. I alone seem to have lost everything. My mind is that of a stupid man; I am in a state of chaos.

Ordinary men look bright and intelligent, while I alone seem to be benighted. They look full of discrimination, while I alone am dull and confused. I seem to be carried about as on the sea, drifting as if I had nowhere to rest. All men have their spheres of action, while I alone seem dull and incapable, like a rude borderer. (Thus) I alone am different from other men, but I value the nursing-mother (the Dao).

Interpretation:

This is perhaps the most difficult to understand passage in the Tao te Ching.  The writing is so inconsistent with the writing in other parts of the book that many people have used this passage as the basis for arguing that more than one author wrote the Tao te Ching.  

Goddard clearly did not appreciate it's value.  Beginning with the third stanza, he stopped translating, writing this instead.  "

"(The balance of this sonnet is devoted to showing the difference between the careless state of the common people and his own vision of the Tao. It is one of the most pathetic expressions of human loneliness, from lack of appreciation, ever written. It is omitted here that it might serve for the closing sonnet and valedictory.)"

But is this chapter a "pathetic expression of human loneliness?'"   Regardless of whether or not this chapter was written by the same author, comparing it to earlier messages in the book, we may gain some insight into the author's intent.

Earlier the author has stated that the solution to peace and happiness is not to try to solve the problem of life but to accept life as it is.  In that context, perhaps the "learning" the author wants to avoid is the desire to "sort out" or "overcome" life.  Then the "yes" that is ready becomes the will to overcome and the "yea" that is flattering becomes kind hearted acceptance.  

There is an indication that this is the author's intent in the second stanza where he agrees that the things men fear are real and are dangerous but points out that there is no end to these troubles.

So, if you gave up trying to overcome life and simply said "yea" to it, how would you look to other people.  This is the bulk of the third and fourth stanza.

The chapter ends with a note that the author does not suffer as his imagined observers think he does because he is at one with the "nursing mother" or yin power of Tao.  Some authors have translated this line as receiving milk from the mother Tao.  Or put another way, the author does not participate in the toils of other men and so appears stupid to them but because he is in touch with the Tao, he still receives what he needs.

Understanding the Tao te Ching Chapter 18: Falling from Grace

For this chapter we will use Legge's translation.

18.

When the Great Dao (Way or Method) ceased to be observed, benevolence and righteousness came into vogue. (Then) appeared wisdom and shrewdness, and there ensued great hypocrisy.

When harmony no longer prevailed throughout the six kinships, filial sons found their manifestation; when the states and clans fell into disorder, loyal ministers appeared.

Interpretation:

It is sometimes easy to forget that the Tao itself does not know right and wrong.  It does not understand good and bad.  It simply follows its nature and all that rise out of it live also in accord with their nature.  Those who follow the Dao tend not identify themselves with labels such as Democrat or Cub's Fan.  They realize that such feelings rise naturally out of their life experience but that they are not held to the condition democrat.  It is simply something that they are experiencing.  Thus they don't tend to get into idealist quarrels or disagreements in bars with Brave's fans.

This chapter may be seen as the observation that when all people (apparently at some time in the past) observed the Dao, there was little need for concern over right and wrong.  People simply acted or failed to act as was there nature.  There was also little concern with ideas (such as party affiliation.)

The conditions that we see today; people willing to kill over ideas or kill people they perceive as bad, can be seen as the result of this fall from the Tao.  There is a paradox here, in that this killing is human nature.

How would the way back to the Tao be found, and who would find it?

Understanding The Tao te Ching Chapter 17: Leadership and Faithfulness

17.

When great men rule, subjects know little of their existence. Rulers who are less great win the affection and praise of their subjects. A common ruler is feared by his subjects, and an unworthy ruler is despised.

When a ruler lacks faith, you may seek in vain for it among his subjects.

How carefully a wise ruler chooses his words. He performs deeds, and accumulates merit! Under such a ruler the people think they are ruling themselves.

Interpretation:

This is perhaps the clearest advise on leadership offered in the Tao te Ching.  it is most easily accessed in the second stanza.  The message, "if you do not trust others, they will not trust you," is very true inside and outside of the issue of leadership.  If the trust those we lead we find ourselves studying the first and third stanza.  When a leader provides only the framework and gentle nudges in the right direction, then the lead feel ownership of what they accomplish.  This gives them a feeling of worth and a desire to see the work completed in an excellent manner.   The advantage of people who believe they are ruling themselves is the quality of the work they perform.  

The benefits for the leader is followers who willingly participate and do not need supervision and punishment.

The Servant Leadership movement has made the observation that, when leaders seek to remove obstacles from their workers rather than manage their workers, the worker is self-motivated to move into the opening created for them; the essence of this chapter.

Understanding the Tao te Ching Chapter 16: Meditation and Enlightenment

16.

Seek to attain an open mind (the summit of vacuity). Seek composure (the essence of tranquillity).

All things are in process, rising and returning. Plants come to blossom, but only to return to the root. Returning to the root is like seeking tranquillity; it is moving towards its destiny. To move toward destiny is like eternity. To know eternity is enlightenment, and not to recognize eternity brings disorder and evil.

Knowing eternity makes one comprehensive; comprehension makes one broadminded; breadth of vision brings nobility; nobility is like heaven.The heavenly is like Dao. Dao is the Eternal. The decay of the body is not to be feared.

Interpretation:

Taken by itself, this chapter is a good lesson on the value of meditation.  Open the mind, seek the quiet and calm within.  See the rising and falling of life.

Taken in the context of earlier chapters that advised against desire for wealth and fame, this chapter can be seen as a description of what the Taoist seeks instead. 

If we are clear of mind, the author says, we will see in the world around us a natural rising and blossoming and then an equal natural return to "the root."   Realization of this natural cycle not only in the world around us, but also within ourselves leads to great peace.  Even death itself will not be feared.

Perhaps here is a good place to mention a very important detail; Taosit tend to be very happy people.  This is not always obvious from ancient poems and stodgy interpreters but it is the case.  Look at it this way, if you are so freed of your burdens that you do not even fear death, doesn't it follow that you have relaxed quite a bit and are free to enjoy things more?

Understanding The Tao te Ching Chapter 15: Describing the Masters

For this chapter we will use Legg's Translation:

15.

The skilful masters (of the Dao) in old times, with a subtle and exquisite penetration, comprehended its mysteries, and were deep (also) so as to elude men's knowledge. As they were thus beyond men's knowledge, I will make an effort to describe of what sort they appeared to be.

Shrinking looked they like those who wade through a stream in winter; irresolute like those who are afraid of all around them; grave like a guest (in awe of his host); evanescent like ice that is melting away; unpretentious like wood that has not been fashioned into anything; vacant like a valley, and dull like muddy water.

Who can (make) the muddy water (clear)? Let it be still, and it will gradually become clear. Who can secure the condition of rest? Let movement go on, and the condition of rest will gradually arise.They who preserve this method of the Dao do not wish to be full (of themselves). It is through their not being full of themselves that they can afford to seem worn and not appear new and complete.

Interpretation: 

This chapter is valuable because it gives direct example of what someone who practices Dao looks like.  Because the daoist chooses to "go with the flow," a master daoist may look a great deal different than the fearless leader or champion of industry that we are used to thinking of as masters.  

The skillful Taoist looks for the natural lines, the seams where anything may be accomplished without effort.  An excellent example of this thinking is the first line of the third stanza.  "Who can (make) the muddy water (clear)? Let it be still, and it will gradually become clear."   Taken literally, yes, we could build water filters and water purification plants but nature will perform this action on its own given time.  The taoist would wait, if he could and work with nature to find a time when the water was drinkable.  Metaphorically, the taoist does not seek to overcome but to come into accord with.  Therefor, he often chooses not to act, waiting rather for the ideal time. 

Using this image, we begin to see why the taoist master looks so hesitating and un-masterlike.  He is the master at the art of acting without acting, seeking balance, finding peace.  Therefor he never attacks, never goes forth with strength.  He has great strength, but it is the strength of water finding the lowest place, the flexibility of the young tree to bend in the wind, the wisdom to retire when his goal is accomplished.

Understanding the Tao te Ching Chapter 14: Understanding the Present

14.

It is unseen because it is colorless; it is unheard because it is soundless; when seeking to grasp it, it eludes one, because it is incorporeal.

Because of these qualities it cannot be examined, and yet they form an essential unity. Superficially it appears abstruse, but in its depths it is not obscure. It has been nameless forever! It appears and then disappears. It is what is known as the form of the formless, the image of the imageless. It is called the transcendental, its face (or destiny) cannot be seen in front, or its back (or origin) behind.

But by holding fast to the Dao of the ancients, the wise man may understand the present, because he knows the origin of the past. This is the clue to the Dao.

Interpretation:

This particularly poetic chapter reminds us once again that the Tao is not something that can be understood by thought.  We can cannot see it, touch it or hear it, yet we can see that all the things of the universe rise from some eternal flow; the boundless energy of the universe.  If it cannot be understood as a thing but as the thing that came before things, how can we know it?  We know it by its action, by its presence.  Any word, thought, blog about the Tao can only be the first step, the signpost that shows the way.  These words are the end result of untold eons of the ceaseless flow of the Dao, and they will be left behind in the endless, shapeless dance.

You cannot find Tao here.  This is only one moment.   Let go your mind.  Let go your questions.  There is the gateway, there in the endless receptiveness of your unclouded mind.

Understanding the Tao te Ching Chapter 13: Favor and Disgrace are Equal

13.

Favor and disgrace are alike to be feared, just as too great care or anxiety are bad for the body.

Why are favor and disgrace alike to be feared? To be favored is humiliating; to obtain it is as much to be dreaded as to lose it. To lose favor is to be in disgrace and of course is to be dreaded.

Why are excessive care and great anxiety alike bad for one? The very reason I have anxiety is because I have a body. If I have not body why would I be anxious?

Therefore if he who administers the empire, esteems it as his own body, then he is worthy to be trusted with the empire.

Interpretation:

This chapter is again talking about seeking balance rather than a high place.  This time the context is appearance before other people.  Are we considered to be "favored?"  Are we considered to be "disgraced?"  The author recommends avoiding both positions.  It is easy to understand why disgrace is undesireable who why favor?  Perhaps the life of the movie star can be used as an example.  The famous person, while receiving many benefits from fame also cannot go to a restaurant without being approached by fans, photographers hound them constantly and their private affairs are likely to appear on the front page of magazines.  Truly they pay a high price for their fame.

The author, desiring a quiet, and balanced life, avoids both favor and disgrace.  Preferring to live a quiet, unnoticed life.

The second stanza is often interpreted to mean that it is somehow unsatisfactory to have a body or to be living.  This is inconsistent with the message of the Tao te Ching.  It is more likely that this passage is meant as reminder that the Tao itself is not concerned with issues of favor and disgrace.  It is only those of us seeking to care for our human bodies that conceive and worry about such notions.  A good way to observe the truth of this is to explain to a dog or cat the shame of nudity.  Truly favor and disgrace are human attributes. 

The final message is for those who would rule.  If you would treat the ruled as your own body, your worries will serve those you lead.

Understanding the Tao te Ching Chapter 12: 檢欲

12.

An excess of light blinds the human eye; an excess of noise ruins the ear; an excess of condiments deadens the taste. The effect of too much horse racing and hunting is bad, and the lure of hidden treasure tempts one to do evil.

Therefore the wise man attends to the inner significance of things and does not concern himself with outward appearances. Therefore he ignores matter and seeks the spirit.

Interpretation:

This chapter is usually interpreted as "desire is bad."  While it is true that the last sentence of the first stanza contains the message that desire leads to "evil," there is a second message.  The author points out in the first stanza that too much of anything, whether desired or not, is self defeating.  When the author says, "an excess of condiments deadens the taste," they do not say that condiments are good or bad, or that using condiments is good or bad.  They only make the observation that too many of them decreases your ability to enjoy them.  

This is again the difference between the "more is always better" mentality and Taoist thought.  If you have enough of anything, more of it will probably only lead to trouble.  You are less likely to have your less expensive car stolen. You are more likely to have peace in your marriage if you don't keep a lover on the side.  

The first sentence of the second stanza of this chapter and several other passages with the Tao te Ching are sometimes translated as "the wise man attends to the belly."  This can be interpreted as meaning, "the wise man takes care of the things needed for life, and ignores anything beyond that.

A simpler life is easier to keep in balance.